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Scott Pruitt unfiltered: EPA administrator talks climate science, car emissions

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt gave Reuters a wide-ranging interview on Monday at his office in Washington, discussing issues from climate science to automobile emissions. The following is a full transcript of the interview: REUTERS: You have said the EPA will focus on a "Back to Basics" approach under your leadership. What does this mean for how EPA enforces polluters? You have been critical of the idea of regulation by enforcement. PRUITT: I think what I'm speaking about, there is a consent decree approach to enforcement, where you use judicial proceedings to actually engage in regulation. Enforcement should be about existing regulations that you're actually enforcing against someone who may be violating that, very much in the prosecutorial manner. As attorney general [in Oklahoma], I lived that. There was a grand jury that I led. Being a prosecutor, I understand very much the importance of prioritization, of enforcing the rule of law, of addressing bad actors. That's something we are going to do in a meaningful way across the broad spectrum of cases, whether it is in the office of air or the Superfund area, or otherwise. REUTERS: Do you want to see states play a bigger role in enforcing polluters, even though some have less of a capacity to do so – financially and personnel wise? PRUITT: I think the state's role is really, when you look at this office working with states, it should be how do we assist, how do we engage in compliance and assistance with states. The office [at EPA that deals with enforcement] is called OECA, the Office of Enforcement, Compliance and Assistance, so those are the tools we have in the toolbox to achieve better outcomes. So what we ought to be doing is working proactively with state DEQs [Departments of Environmental Quality] to get their state implementation plans [for federal regulations] timely submitted, provide assistance and technical support, drive a draft of state implementation plans, and then actually work with them on how to achieve through those plans better outcomes and air and water quality. As far as enforcement is concerned, we will actually work with states. We actually did that recently with Colorado. There was an oil and gas company that was emitting some 3,000 tons, is that what it was, it was quite a bit of ... it was an ozone case. In any event, we joined with Colorado in that prosecution. So sometimes states will do it, sometimes we will join with them.

Fiat takes Tipo name out of mothballs for new sedan

Fiat has announced that it is bringing the Tipo name back. The nameplate, which was last used two decades ago, is set to be applied this time to a new four-door sedan. It will be available across Europe, Africa, and the Middle East – but looks unlikely to be offered alongside the 500 family here in America. Unlike many European sedans in its class, the Tipo has been designed from the get-go with a three-box shape, rather than as a hatchback adapted to carry a trunk. The result, Fiat says, is a more harmonious form than some of its targeted competitors. It will be offered with a choice of four engines – two burning gasoline and two diesel – producing between 95 and 120 horsepower, driving through either an automatic or manual transmission. The design was previewed in concept form as the Aegea Project at the Istanbul Motor Show this past May. We knew at the time that it would likely adopt a different name for production, and now that name has been confirmed. It will not only be assembled in Turkey – where Fiat carries out much of its manufacturing – but also had the bulk of its development work carried out there as well. The last time the Tipo name was used was between 1988 and 1995 for a small, boxy hatchback designed by Ercole Spada. That Tipo was eventually succeeded by the Bravo and Brava, which were ultimately replaced by the Stilo – only to be replaced by another Bravo hatchback in 2007. And now, of course, it's a Tipo again – progress. Related Video: Great anticipation for Fiat's new Compact Sedan: TIPO is its name Expectation for the name of Fiat's new Compact Sedan was high and the wait is now over. A name steeped in history for the new three-box sedan which was revealed in May at the Istanbul Motor Show as the first chapter of the 'Fiat AEgea' Project. Sales of the car will start in Italy in December and be gradually extended to the other EMEA region countries. TIPO: this will be the name sported on the livery of the new Compact Sedan in all EMEA region countries except for Turkey, where the project name turned out to be so successful that it was decided to keep it for the car as well. The symbolic name has been used by Fiat since its earliest days and is now making a comeback on a global model designed to tackle the challenges of the future.

Fiat's Ecobasic concept shows what the city car of the future looked like in 1999

In the late 1990s, Fiat set out to prove cheap and eco-friendly weren't mutually exclusive. It argued a car could be both with an innovative, opinion-cleaving concept named Ecobasic built to preview the econobox of the future. Fiat quietly presented the Ecobasic at the 1999 edition of the Bologna auto show, which was still a big deal 21 years ago, and it displayed it again at the following year's Geneva show. Its high-top Converse-shaped silhouette turned heads everywhere it went, and that was only the beginning. Looking closer revealed its front end received a transparent panel that let users add oil, coolant, wiper fluid, or give the battery a jump. Audi adopted a similar solution for its A2. It had one door on the driver's side, two on the passenger's side, and a transparent hatch underlined by a pair of horizontal lights. It stretched 137.7 inches long, 67.3 inches wide, and 57.8 inches tall, dimensions that made it about two inches taller, three inches wider, and an inch lower than a modern-day 500. Keeping manufacturing costs in check was a priority, so Fiat used plastic body panels dyed with color during the production process and mounted them to a steel structure, a configuration not unlike the Smart ForTwo's. They were designed to be recycled at the end of the car's life cycle. Inside, the passengers were treated to a marvelous exercise in simple, back-to-the-basics design. The driver sat in front of a four-spoke steering wheel, while a speedometer and a fuel gauge were integrated into a pod that sprouted from the center of the dashboard. The automatic transmission's gear selector, a handful of buttons, and the HVAC controls were aligned below it. The domed, bolted-down hood covered a 1.2-liter four-cylinder turbodiesel developed specifically for the Ecobasic. It showcased Fiat's Multijet common-rail technology, which promised improve fuel economy without compromising power. On paper, that's exactly what it achieved. The four developed 61 horsepower at 3,500 rpm and 118 pound-feet of torque at 1,800 rpm, which were reasonably respectable figures for an Italian city car made in the late 1990s, and it returned nearly 80 miles per gallon. Fiat quoted a 13-second 0-62-mph time. The company apparently did not blush when it hinted it could build 200,000 units of the Ecobasic annually and sell each one for approximately 5,000 euros, a price which would have made it one of the cheapest new cars sold in Europe.