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The List: Best of proving grounds

Proving grounds are where automakers and enthusiasts alike go to push their vehicles to their mechanical limits. The Rubicon Trail, located in the Sierra Nevada, is the ultimate off-road test, while Germany's Nurburgring is a grueling 13 mile road and track course. Jessi and Patrick visit both iconic proving grounds in this "best of" compilation of The List. If you like what you see, stay tuned to watch the full episodes, or click here to go directly to our episode archive and pick out some of your own favorite moments of The List to revisit. The List #0004: Conquer the Rubicon Trail The List #0073: Drive the Nurburgring Have an RSS feed? Click here to add The List. Click here to subscribe to The List in iTunes. Click here to learn more about our hosts, Jessi and Patrick. BMW Jeep Off-Road Vehicles Racing Vehicles The List Videos Original Video

2018 Jeep Wrangler will have an aluminum hood and doors, leaked memo says

Earlier this year, FCA CEO Sergio Marchionne revealed that 2018 Jeep Wrangler would feature a heavy dose of aluminum, though he didn't specify how. Now, JL Wrangler Forums says the Wrangler will use the material for the hood and the doors, citing an internal bulletin from aluminum supplier Alcoa. According to the forum, the company says the next-gen Wrangler will utilize Aloca's C6A1 (an internal name) high form alloy. The SUV will also get 6022 and A951 from Alcoa that will be used on the SUV's front and rear doors, as well as for the hood. Alcoa's C6A1 is the company's new high form alloy, while its 6022 alloy sheet can be found on things like a car's hood, door, or closure panels. Alcoa's A951 is the company's pre-treatment aluminum sheet bonding technology that it uses on automobiles. "A team in the Farmington Hills (Michigan, USA) Aerospace and Automotive Products group is leading a new profitable growth opportunity with the 2018 Jeep Wrangler program. The next generation Jeep becomes the first to utilize our C6A1 high form alloy; we are currently the only supplier of this high form product. Alcoa will also supply 6022 and A951, including front and rear door inners, hood outer and inner." As Marchionne pointed out earlier this year, the 2018 Wrangler won't be made entirely out of aluminum. So Alcoa's contribution to the upcoming SUV's doors and hood could be the only components that use the lightweight metal – or Jeep could be using another aluminum supplier for other parts. Large changes lie ahead for the 2018 Wrangler, which include a pickup version, new engines, and aluminum. But we do know that the next Wrangler is that it will be built in Toledo, OH, as FCA announced plans to spend $1.05 billion to retool the Wrangler factory, while also adding another site in Illinois earlier this year. Related Video:

EPA suspected Fiat Chrysler of using 'defeat device' in 2015

U.S. regulators told Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in November 2015 that they suspected some of the automaker's vehicles were equipped with secret software allowing them to violate emission control standards, according to emails disclosed on Friday. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and California Air Resources Board accused Fiat Chrysler in January of using the software, known as a "defeat device," to illegally allow excess diesel emissions in 104,000 Jeep Grand Cherokees and Dodge Ram 1500 trucks built between 2014 and 2016. Byron Bunker, director of the EPA's Transportation and Air Quality compliance division, said in a January 2016 email to Fiat Chrysler, obtained by Reuters under the Freedom of Information Act, that he was "very concerned about the unacceptably slow pace" of the automaker's efforts to explain high nitrogen oxide emissions from some of its vehicles. Nitrogen oxide is linked to smog formation and respiratory problems. Bunker's email said the EPA had told Fiat Chrysler officials at a November 2015 meeting that at least one auxiliary emissions control device on the car maker's vehicles appeared to violate the agency's regulations. Mike Dahl, head of vehicle safety and regulatory compliance for Fiat Chrysler's U.S. unit, responded in a separate email that the company was working diligently and understood the EPA's concerns. He added that if the EPA identified Fiat Chrysler vehicles as containing defeat devices it would result in "potentially significant regulatory and commercial consequences." The documents redacted the vehicles named, but two officials briefed on the matter said they referred to diesel models. The EPA's November 2015 meeting with Fiat Chrysler came two months after Volkswagen AG, mired in a major tailpipe emissions scandal, admitted to installing secret defeat device software in hundreds of thousands of U.S. diesel cars to make them appear cleaner than they were on the road.